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Descriptive Statistics

Descriptive Statistics

This section covers how to summarize and describe the main features of a dataset.

Topics Covered

#PostKey Concepts
01What Is StatisticsDescriptive vs inferential, anchor dataset introduction
02Types of StatisticsParametric vs nonparametric, levels of measurement
03Population vs SampleParameters, statistics, sampling variability, standard error
04Measure of Central TendencyMean, median, mode, geometric/harmonic mean
05Measure of DispersionRange, IQR, variance, SD, CV, MAD
06Why Sample Variance Uses n−1Bessel's correction, degrees of freedom
07Standard DeviationEmpirical rule, z-scores, CV, when to use SD vs IQR
08VariablesVariable types, measurement scales, independent/dependent
09What Are Random VariablesDiscrete/continuous, PMF/PDF, CDF
10HistogramsBin width, frequency, ogive, KDE, shape interpretation
11Percentiles and QuartilesInterpolation, IQR, five-number summary, box plots, Tukey fences
12Covariance and CorrelationPearson r, Spearman ρ, Kendall's τ, edge cases
13Skewness and KurtosisMoments, Jarque-Bera test, normality workflow

Prerequisites

  • Basic math knowledge
  • Python with NumPy and SciPy

Start learning!